Several strains of bacteria can cause bacterial meningitis, most commonly: This may be caused by an ear or sinus infection, a skull fracture, or - rarely - some surgeries. But bacterial meningitis also can occur when bacteria directly invade the meninges. Bacterial meningitisīacteria that enter the bloodstream and travel to the brain and spinal cord cause bacterial meningitis. Because bacterial infections can lead to death, learning the cause is essential. That's followed by bacterial infections and, rarely, fungal and parasitic infections. Viral infections are the most common cause of meningitis. The tough outer membrane is called the dura mater, and the delicate inner layer is the pia mater. Meningitis is an infection and inflammation of the fluid and three membranes (meninges) protecting the brain and spinal cord. You may need to take medicines to prevent getting an infection. That may include a family member or someone you live or work with. It's also important to talk to your health care provider if you've been exposed to someone with meningitis. Delayed treatment also increases the risk of permanent brain damage. ![]() Seek immediate medical care if you or someone in your family has meningitis symptoms, such as:īacterial meningitis is serious and can cause death within days without prompt antibiotic treatment. Infants with meningitis may be hard to comfort.
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